Japan's projected population decrease has aroused strong pessimism regarding the country's future. But we should instead look for ways to mitigate the sharp population decrease and build new institutions that can accommodate the changing social and economic environment. A vigorous society will need individuals who can participate fully without age or gender constraints， an autonomous civil society that relishes small government， and community-based living. To promote greater prosperity in the era of population decrease， we propose three initiatives to invigorate the community， society， and individual life.